Introduction: The external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) refers to a disorder in which skin cells in the ear canal grow abnormally. Cholesteatomas can gradually harm the surrounding structures and are typically identified by the build-up of keratinized epithelial tissue. External auditory canal cholesteatomas are less common and need special diagnostic and treatment care, whereas middle ear or mastoid cholesteatomas are more frequently detected. This study assessed patients' classification and postsurgical complications with cholesteatoma of the external auditory canal presenting about ten years.

Material and Methods: In a retrospective study, 293 cases were gathered from 2014 to 2024, whereas in our pre-evaluation, 85 cases were analyzed. According to CT scans, surgical reports, discharge letters, and follow-up check-ups in outpatient care, the classification and postsurgical complications were evaluated.

Results: 5 patients (5.9%) were classified as stage I, presenting with EACC without bone erosion and middle ear extension. In stage II, 58 (68.2%) patients suffered from EACC with bone erosion and middle ear extension. Stage III included 22 (25.9%) patients diseased with EACC with bone erosion and erosion to adjacent structures, such as the temporomandibular joint, mastoid, fallopian canal, jugular bulb, and facial nerve. Postsurgical complications included infections (2.35%), sensorineural hearing loss (2.35%), as well as recurrence of cholesteatoma (9.41%).

Discussion: In summary, EACC can be classified into three different types, with stage II being the most common one in our study. Postsurgical complications can occur but are relatively rare.

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