Rhodococcus for bioeconomy through synthetic biology

Environmental pollution has been the biggest trade-off caused by modernization and industrial revolution. Several efforts are now being channelled to circumvent this issue on environmental pollution and its repercussions such as global warming. The use of biological agents like exploiting the machineries of microorganisms has now emerged as a promising option. Microorganisms such as bacteria can adapt and evolve given the right amount of selective pressure. Therefore, it can be promising to exploit their inherent tools and machineries.

Actinobacteria such as Streptomyces, Gordonia, and Rhodococcus are considered metabolic powerhouses that can degrade and transform different compounds such as styrene, rubber, phenols, and nitroaromatics. Several studies have shown and explored the enzymes responsible in degrading these pollutants. But unlike model organisms such as Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli, we have yet to understand on how to use an actinobacteria such as Rhodococcus for the purpose of a microbial cell factory through synthetic approaches. Nonetheless, Rhodococcus presents a more robust system as it can withstand harsher conditions compared to other model organisms. It is also easier to cultivate than other actinobacteria. Here, we present available information for Rhodococcus such as a tailored genetic toolbox and how to utilize them for protein production. Moreover, the current progress of Rhodococcus towards the route of bioeconomy will be discussed such as its potential for upcycling. This includes conversion of lignin-derived compounds like vanillin or polyethylene for industrially valuable products. This highlights how engineering Rhodococcus for bioeconomy can be promising.