The brain is composed of two main types of tissue: grey matter and white matter. Grey matter, containing neuronal cell bodies, is primarily responsible for processing information, while white matter consists of nerve fibers that connect different brain regions, facilitating communication. This study aims to investigate the distinct roles of grey and white matter by analyzing their protein profiles, which could provide insights into their functions and involvement in neurological diseases. Fresh-frozen human brain samples from various regions were precisely dissected to separate grey and white matter. Protein extraction was carried out using a standardized protocol, followed by quantification with the advanced Thermo Fisher Astral Mass Spectrometer. Peptides were then analyzed using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry to ensure accurate and comprehensive protein identification. Additionally, rigorous quality control measures were implemented to validate the reliability of the proteomic data obtained.
Comparative bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify significant differences in protein expression between the two tissue types. The results revealed distinct protein compositions that correlate with the specific functions of grey and white matter, enhancing our understanding of their unique contributions to brain function. Differential expression analysis and pathway enrichment were performed to uncover biological pathways and processes significantly represented in each tissue type. These findings highlight potential mechanisms underlying brain diseases like Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, offering a foundation for future studies to explore how these tissues change over time and contribute to brain health and disease. Continued research in this area could lead to significant advances in diagnosing, preventing, and treating neurological conditions, ultimately improving brain health and patient outcomes.