Neutrophil cell surface receptor dynamics following trauma: A systematic review

PurposeNeutrophils are essential effector cells in the immune response to traumatic injury. Although changes in receptor expression over time have been described in the literature, effective monitoring strategies are still lacking. This systematic review aims to analyses existing clinical research on neutrophil receptor expression changes after trauma, with the aim of characterizing the post-traumatic neutrophil profile. Materials & MethodsA systematic literature search on MEDLINE and Embase was performed which focused on clinical studies from 1995 to 2023 that report neutrophil receptor expressions after injury. Characteristics of the studies, patients, trauma and receptor alterations were extracted and analyzed. Results
A total of 1,266 publications were identified and screened for eligibility. Finally, 34 articles reporting clinical studies with and neutrophil receptor expression analysis, were included. The most commonly analyzed parameter was integrin Mac-1/CD11b (25 studies), followed by L-selectin/CD62L (9 studies). Fifteen studies investigated post-traumatic changes in the Fcγ-receptor family. CD11b increases after moderate to severe trauma, peaking at 24 hours, then decreases, with prolonged elevation in severe cases up to 6 weeks, returning to homeostatic levels by 6 months. L-selectin shows early fluctuations, whereas CD16/CD32 decreases homogeneously after trauma. In contrast, CD64 increases consistently in all studies immediately after trauma. Conclusions
The following systemic literature review on neutrophil receptor expression alterations after trauma resulted in the identification of a unique multi-parameter neutrophil receptor expression pattern. This may form the basis for future neuromonitoring after trauma. Validation of these findings from mainly monocenter studies in a prospective multicenter study should be the next step.

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