Introduction and Objective
Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) have the potential to be useful in the treatment of patients suffering from polytrauma due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative capacity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate which changes in the hBMSCs properties resulted from incubation with serum from polytraumatized patients, and to find out which time point could be successful for the treatment with hBMSCs.
Materials and Methods
Sera from 84 patients with polytrauma with an Injury Severity Score ≥ 16 and four healthy hBMSCs donors were used. Sera from the 1st (D1), the 5th (D5) and the 10th day (D10) after trauma as well as from healthy donors were pooled and added to cultured hBMSCs to perform the following methods: cell proliferation, colony forming unit fibroblast assay (CFU-F), cell viability and toxicity, cell migration, wound repair ability, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis.
Results
D5 serum from polytraumatized patients significantly reduced hBMSCs cell proliferation capacity (132,071.67 ± 25,770.13 cells; p < 0.05) compared to HS (224,842.50 ± 56,999.37 cells). This led to a significantly increased proportion of dead cells (6.56 ± 2.71%; p < 0.05) compared to D1 (3.37 ± 1.27%) and D10 (4.31 ± 3.17%) after 72 hours of cultivation. The CFU-F frequency of D5 (8.30 ± 5.95%; p < 0.05) and D10 (7.50 ± 5.22%; p < 0.05) were significantly reduced when compared to HS (16.30 ± 4.10%). The other analyzed parameters of D1, D5 and D10, however, were not significantly affected, namely cell migration, wound repair ability, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation.
Conclusions
The serological effect of polytrauma on hBMSC was related to the time after trauma. The results suggested that it is disadvantageous to use hBMSCs in polytraumatized patients five days after the incidence.
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