Anaylsis of risk factors and prognosis in low-energy thoracic penetrating trauma

Abstract text (incl. references and figure legends)

Introduction: Chest trauma is a serious injury, account for 20–25 % of deaths in trauma. In some countries high-energy gunshot wounds have been reported for the majority of chest penetrating injuries. However, in area where firearms are restricted, blunt trauma is the majority of thoracic injury and penetrating injury is relatively rare. Also, many of the penetrating trauma is caused by low-energy injuries in this area. Therefore, there are not many studies on low-energy penetrating trauma. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prognosis and risk factors of patients who treated for low-energy thoracic penetrating trauma.

Material and Methods: Clinical data was collected retrospectively from medical records of patients who treated with thoracic penetrating injury admissions between Mar. 2016 and Mar. 2022 in single center. Demographic data, transfusion, injury characteristics, trauma score, and survival outcome of all the patients were reviewed based on Trauma Database.

Results: A total of 33 trauma patients treated during this period. The overall survival rate to hospital discharge was 84.8% (survival=28). In baseline characteristics, median age was 50 years, ISS was 18, TRISS was 95.59%, chest AIS median value was 4 and the average ICU stay was 42.2 hours. In the comparison between the survival group and the non-survival group, ISS, transfusion, other organ injury, systolic blood pressure was not statistically significant (17 vs 18, p=0.47). Also, there was no statistical correlation between the amount of transfusion and ISS (p =0.15). Among the entire cohort, the survival group showed high GCS (15 vs. 8, p=0.02) and TRISS values (95.6 vs 28.0, p=0.01).

Conclusion: In this study, we proposed it is difficult to predict the transfusion with the anatomic injury in low-energy thoracic penetrating trauma. And, TRISS are expected to predict survival rate rather than another trauma score, but further studies are needed in a larger number of patients.

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