The diurnal and seasonal relationships of pedestrian injuries secondary to motor vehicles in young people

Abstract text (incl. references and figure legends)

Introduction/Aim: There remains a significant morbidity and mortality in young pedestrians hit by motor vehicles, even in the era of pedestrian crossings and speed limits. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and injury severity of motor vehicle-related pedestrian trauma according to time of day and season in a young population.

Methods: Data was retrieved for patients between 10-25 years old from the national Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database, who had been involved as pedestrians in motor vehicle accidents between 2013 -2020. The incidence of injuries, their severity (Injury Severity Score [ISS]) and mortality were analysed according to the hours of daylight, darkness and season.

Results: The study identified a seasonal pattern, showing that autumn was the predominant season and lead to 34.9% of injuries, in comparison to summer, with 18.3% of injuries. Importantly, the greatest injury rate (number of injuries/hour) occurred between 1500-1630 correlating to school pick up times. A further significant relationship between ISS and daylight was demonstrated (p-value 0.0124) with moderate injuries (ISS=9-14) occurring commonly during the day (72.7%) and more severe injuries (ISS>15) during the night (55.8%).

Conclusion: We have identified a relationship between time of day and the frequency and severity of pedestrian trauma in young people. In addition, particular time groupings correspond to the greatest injury rate, suggesting that reduced visibility coupled with school pick up times may play a significant role. We recommend targeted public health measures that focus on these times and that increase the visibility of children.

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