Korrelation zwischen molekularem Status und bildmorphologischen Merkmalen bei Olfaktoriusrinnenmeningeomen auf die präoperative Riechfunktion

The study aimed to analyze the impact of driver mutations and image characteristics of olfactory groove meningioma (OGM) on preoperative olfactory function.

Next-generation sequencing was performed in 22 patients with OGM to define the most frequent OGM driver mutations. Tumor morphology, obtained from preoperative imaging and olfactory function was assessed preoperatively with Sniffin' Sticks.

Among the 22 OGM patients, 46% had SMO/SUFU mutations, 32% had AKT1 mutations and 23% were AKT1-/SMO-wild-type (WT). Planum hyperostosis was notably present in 75% of patients, with varying rates among mutational groups (AKT1: 42%, SMO/SUFU: 90%, WT: 100%) (p = .048)). Median tumor volume for all patients was 25 cm³ (25[2-48] cm3). Tumor volume differed significantly among mutational groups (p = .038), particularly between SMO/SUFU and WT OGMs (p = .005). Regression analysis indicated that planum hyperostosis had a negative impact on olfaction, affecting odor threshold (p = .001), discrimination (p = .008), identification (p < .001) and the overall olfactory score (p = .003). Age over 65 (p = .037) and male gender (p = .019) were predictive factors for odor threshold and discrimination.

This study reveals the links between imaging, clinical, and mutational factors and preoperative olfaction in OGM patients. Planum sphenoidale hyperostosis, perifocal edema, osseous enhancement, and gender may serve as predictive indicators of preoperative olfactory function. While OGM volume differed significantly across mutational groups, no statistically significant association was found between different mutations and olfactory subtests likely due to the limited cohort size.