Introduction: Genome and transcriptome of nasal tissue samples were analyzed to examine the interplay of the nasal virome and microbiome in CRSwNP.

Material and Methods: Nasal tissue samples obtained from i) healthy individuals (control, n=4), ii) patients with CRSwNP with Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (CRSwNP+AERD, n = 4), and iii) patients with CRSwNP, without asthma comorbidity (CRSwNP, n=4) during sinus surgery and analyzed by Illumina short-read sequencing, Differential gene expression analysis was performed, using DESeq2 . Additionally, for both RNA and DNA reads, a metagenomic classification analysis was performed by classifying all reads using the axonomic classification system Kraken 2. The virome present in the nasal samples was examined by comparing the sequences against viral sequence databases using BLAST[1] and by employing Kraken 2[2] for taxonomic classification.

Results: Differential gene expression analysis detected changes in multiple genes encoding for different immunoglobines (IGHA1, IGLL1, IGLL5, IGHV3-20, IGHV1-96). The classification analysis also reveals differences with a lower abundance of Cutibacterium acnes and Brachypodium distachyon and a lower abundance of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei in healthy controls. Regarding the virome, the classification analysis show the existance of virus species from the taxa Caudovirales, Poxviridae and Phycodnaviridae in all samples.

Our findings identify common viruses present across all samples, suggesting their being part of the common viruses present across all samples, suggesting their being part of the commensal virome.

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