Phages influence microbial communities by their predatory activity and potential for horizontal gene transfer. Interactions between phages and their bacterial hosts are mediated by a combination of specific attachment, and host defense as well as phage counter defense mechanisms, all of which determine whether a phage can infect a particular host. However, how these complex mechanisms underlying potential interactions play out in the wild remains poorly understood. Here we reveal phage-host dynamics in a marine coastal environment using metagenomic analysis of the cellular fraction of a 93-day daily time series and show, as a general feature, that short host blooms are succeeded by equally short phage blooms across phylogenetically diverse bacteria. To further investigate such dynamics, we characterized a Vibrio bloom by bacterial culturing and phage isolation. The bloom of Vibrionaceae spans over nine days and is dominated in the first three days by V. splendidus while on the following days V. cyclitrophicus relative abundance also increases. Coincident with the bacterial bloom, an increase of Vibrionaceae infecting phages occurred. To further investigate if the susceptibility of bacterial hosts to phages changes over time, a cross-infection assay with 171 Vibrio cyclitrophicus and 76 diverse V. cyclitrophicus phages was performed. Results show that on average a third of the bacterial isolates were susceptible to at least one phage, but susceptibility prior to an increase in abundance of the host was doubled. This indicates a change in the host population and evolution on very short timescales. Further the infection dynamics during the bloom show that a diverse set of phages responds suggesting that a phage cocktail rather than single phages may play a role in limiting the bacterial bloom.