Introduction: Inflammation, induced by proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators, plays an important role in the initiation of immunological response. Immune cells must adapt to their tissue environment to provide appropriate responses. Adenoid tissue is part of the Nasopharynx-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (NALT) and functions as a first line immunological defense against pathogens entering the body from the outside. Little is known about how the innate immune response is regulated within the adenoid tissue.

Material and methods: In this project, we systematically investigated the innate immune response in isolated CD14+ monocytes and CD303+ pDCs from adenoid explants and peripheral blood through magnetic activated cell separation (MACS) of mononuclear cells by Flow Cytometry (FACS). Cytokine release by stimulated monocytes and pDCs was determined by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RNase expression was studied with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results: Substantial differences in the response to both cytosolic and endosomal ligands of the innate immune system were noted. Moreover, differences in the TLR7 and TLR8 responses of pDC and monocytes correlated with the expression of endolysosomal RNases, indicating that RNase expression may be a key parameter modulating the TLR7/8 response.

Conclusion: Altogether, our data indicate that key innate immune cell populations adapt to their cellular milieu. Allowing for appropriate innate immune responses.

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